Rust treats most errors as recoverable using the Result type. But for serious, unrecoverable failures like bugs in logic or unsafe conditions, you use the panic! macro. It immediately stops the program and prints a message. Rust is designed to…
Rust handles recoverable errors using the Result type, which represents either Ok(T) for success or Err(E) for failure. This pattern forces you to handle errors explicitly, avoiding silent failures or panics. Instead of crashing your program or hiding errors, Rust…
Rust does not have null values. Instead, it uses the Option type to represent values that may or may not exist. Option is an enum with two variants: Some(T) for a value, and None for the absence of a value.…
Pattern matching with enums lets you destructure each variant and safely handle every possibility. Using the match expression, Rust forces you to deal with all cases, which helps prevent logic errors and unexpected behavior. In Rust, pattern matching is how…
An enum in Rust is a type that can represent one of several possible variants, each optionally holding different types of data. Enums are ideal for modeling choices, states, or patterns like Option, Result, and more. If structs in Rust…
A method in Rust is a function defined inside an impl block for a struct. It operates on an instance of the struct using self. An associated function is similar, but it does not take self and is often used…
A struct in Rust is a way to create a custom data type with named fields. Structs group related data together and give it structure. They are similar to JavaScript objects, but their fields and types must be explicitly declared.…
In Rust, cloning creates a deep copy of data, especially for types that are stored on the heap like String and Vec. You use the clone() method to manually duplicate such values when ownership would otherwise be moved. When a…
In Rust, some values are moved when assigned or passed to functions, while others are copied. Types like integers and booleans are Copy types, so they stay usable after assignment. Heap-allocated values like String are moved, meaning the original variable…
Borrowing in Rust lets you access a value without taking ownership of it. You do this using references. A reference is like a pointer that allows read or write access to a value owned by another variable, without moving or…