“Knowledge is power.” – Francis Bacon

In Rust, cloning creates a deep copy of data, especially for types that are stored on the heap like String and Vec. You use the clone() method to manually duplicate such values when ownership would otherwise be moved. When a value in Rust is not a Copy type, assigning it or passing it to a […]

In Rust, some values are moved when assigned or passed to functions, while others are copied. Types like integers and booleans are Copy types, so they stay usable after assignment. Heap-allocated values like String are moved, meaning the original variable becomes invalid. When you assign one variable to another in Rust, what happens next depends

Borrowing in Rust lets you access a value without taking ownership of it. You do this using references. A reference is like a pointer that allows read or write access to a value owned by another variable, without moving or cloning the data. When you pass a value to a function in Rust, ownership is

Ownership is Rust’s core memory safety system. Each value in Rust has a single owner, when ownership moves to another variable, the original one becomes invalid. This ensures memory safety without needing a garbage collector. If there is one concept you must understand to write real Rust programs, it is ownership. Unlike JavaScript, Rust does

In Rust, functions are declared using the fn keyword. They take zero or more parameters, may return a value, and are used to organize reusable blocks of logic. Every Rust program starts with a special function named main. Functions help you organize your code and make it reusable. In Rust, defining a function is simple

To read user input from the console in Rust, you use the std::io module, specifically the stdin() function. Input is read as a string, so you must usually trim it and convert it to another type like integer or float using methods like .trim() and .parse(). Reading input from the user is one of the

Rust has three types of loops: loop (infinite), while (runs while a condition is true), and for (used to iterate over ranges or collections). You can control loops using break to exit early or continue to skip to the next iteration. Most programs need to repeat actions. In Rust, you have three ways to do

Rust uses if, else if, and else for branching logic, just like JavaScript. It also provides a powerful match expression for pattern matching. Both are used to control the flow of your program based on conditions or value patterns. In most programs, you need to make decisions: check if a number is positive, compare values,

In Rust, an array is a fixed-size collection of values of the same type. A slice is a view into a portion of an array. Arrays are useful when you know the number of elements at compile time, and slices let you work with a section of an array without copying data. When you need

In Rust, a tuple is a fixed-size group of values that can be of different types. You define a tuple using parentheses, like let person = (“Alice”, 30). Tuples are useful when you want to return or store multiple values together without creating a full struct. Tuples are one of the simplest ways to group